>>
>>
>>
Climate Change & Tropospheric Temperature Trends
Part I: What do we know today and where is it taking us?
Trenberth, K.E. 2004. Personal communication, Jan. 2004.
Tziperman, E. 2000. Uncertainties in thermohaline circulation response to greenhouse warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3077–3080.
Uppala, S. 2003. In Proc.Workshop Reanalysis 5–9 November 2001, 1–10 (European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting, Reading).
Vaughan, G.J. Marshal, W.M. Connolley, J.C. King and D.P. R. Mulvaney. 2001. Climate Change: Devil in the Detail. Science, 293, 1777-1779.
Vinnikov, K.Y, A. Robock, D.J. Cavalieri, C.L. Parkinson. 2002a. Analysis of seasonal cycles in climatic trends with application to satellite observations of sea ice extent. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (9) doi: 10.1029/2001GL014481.
Vinnikov, K.Y, A. Robock, A. Basist. 2002b. Diurnal and seasonal cycles of trends of surface air temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D22), 4641, doi:10.1029/2001JD002007.
Vinnikov, K.Y. and N.C. Grody. 2003. Global warming trend of mean tropospheric temperature observed by satellites. Science, 302, 269-272.
Vinnikov, K.Y, A. Robock, N.C. Grody and A. Basist. 2004. Analysis of Diurnal and Seasonal Cycles and Trends in Climatic Records with Arbitrary Observation Times. Geophys. Res. Lett, In Press.
W.M. Washington, J.W. Weatherly, G.A. Meehl, A.J. Semtner Jr., T.W. Bettge, A.P. Craig, W.G. Strand Jr., J.M. Arblaster, V.B. Wayland, R. James, Y. Zhang. 2000. Parallel Climate Model (PCM) control and transient simulations. Climate Dynamics, 16, 755-774.
Weatherhead, E.C. and Coauthors. 1998. Factors affecting the detection of trends: Statistical considerations and applications to environmental data. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17 149-17 161.
Wentz, F.J. 1998. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: AMSR Ocean Algorithm. Remote Sensing Systems. Santa Rosa, CA. RSS Tech. Report 110398. Nov. 3, 1998.
Wentz, F.J. and M. Schabel. 1998. Effects of orbital decay on satellite-derived lower tropospheric temperature trends. Nature, 394, 661-664.
Whipple, D. 2004. Climate: The Tropospheric Data Do Conform. UPI Newswire. Dec. 67, 2004. Available online from Space Daily at http://www.spacedaily.com/news/climate-04zzzza.html. Accessed on Dec. 27, 2004.
Wigley. T.M.L. and B.D. Santer. 2003. Differential ENSO and volcanic effects on surface and tropospheric temperatures. J. Clim., Submitted.
Wikipedia. 2004. Satellite temperature measurements. Wikepedia. Available online at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature_measurements. Accessed Dec. 12, 2004.
Wilks, D. S. 1995. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences: An Introduction. Academic Press, New York, 467 pp.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel: 1988, Global Ozone Res. and Monit. Proj., Rep. 18, chap. 6, pp. 443–498, Geneva, 1990.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO). 1996. Measurements of upper air temperature, pressure, and humidity. Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, Chapter 12. WMO-No. 8, Sixth Edition, Geneva, I.12-I-I.12-32.
Xie, P. and P.A. Arkin, 1996. Analyses of Global Monthly Precipitation Using Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858.
Xie, P. and A. Arkin. 1997. Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539–2558.
Zhang, Y., J.M. Wallace and D.S. Battisti, 1997: ENSO-like interdecadal variability. 1900-93. J. Climate, 10, 1004-1020.
Figures
Figure 1: Smoothed annual anomalies of combined land-surface air and sea surface temperatures (°C), 1861 to 2000, relative to the 1961 to 1990 average for (a) Northern Hemisphere; (b) Southern Hemisphere; and (c) Globe. The curves shown use running near-decadal averages. (Folland et al., 2001) The solid curves are optimally averaged (Folland et al., 2001), and the dashed curves are standard area weighted (adapted from Jones et al., 2001). The red bars are annual averages and are shown with twice their standard errors (demarcated black bars). From IPCC (2001, Chapter 2.2.2.3).
Top
|