Figure 4b:   Same as Figure 11A but for 1979 to 2002. Taken from Mears et. al. (2003b).

Figure 5:   Upper air temperature trends in deg. K/decade from Angell 54 at various troposphere and lower stratosphere altitudes for the Northern Hemisphere, the Southern Hemisphere, the Tropics, and the globe, compared with those from MSU, other radiosonde analysis and re-analysis products, and surface-air data, for 1958-2000 (Left) and 1979-2000 (Right). MSU data (M) are from UAH Ver. D (Christy et. al., 2000). Alternate sonde products are from Lanzante et. al. (2003: solid triangles), Parker et. al. (1997: P), and Gaffen et. al. (2000b: G). The re-analysis product is a radiosonde-satellite product from Ramaswamy et. al. (2000: R). Surface temperature trends are from Jones et. al. (2001: J) and Hansen et. al. (1999: H). Trends shown for Lanzante et. al. (2003) are for 1959-1997 (Left) and 1979-1997 (Right), and data for Gaffen et. al. (2000b) are for 1960-1997 (Left) and 1979-1997 (Right). The small circles unconnected by straight lines show trends for the original Angel 63 network (Angell, 1988). The horizontal bars show 2-sigma confidence intervals for each trend indicated. Figure taken from Angell, 2003.

Figure 6:   Global temperature anomalies for the middle troposphere from MSU/AMSU and 2 radiosonde datasets. The HadRT sonde dataset represents monthly CLIMAT TEMP reports and the LKS sonde dataset is from an 87 station network corrected for temporal inhomogeneities. The bottom curve gives the average trend for all products and the individual product curves give deviations from the average (from Seidel et. al., 2003).

Figure 7:   Global temperature anomalies for the lower stratosphere from MSU/AMSU and 2 radiosonde datasets. The HadRT sonde dataset represents monthly CLIMAT TEMP reports and the LKS sonde dataset is from an 87 station network corrected for temporal inhomogeneities. The bottom curve gives the average trend for all products and the individual product curves give deviations from the average (from Seidel et. al., 2003).

Figure 8:   Multidataset-average monthly anomaly time series for 6 vertical layers compared with time series for the Quasi-Biennial oscillation (QBO) as determined by 50-hPa altitude zonal wind patterns from radiosonde data at Singapore, and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) as determined by Trenberth (1984). The datasets shown are global averages of data from LKS, HadRT, RIHMI, Angell 63, Angell 54, and UAH Vers. D and 5.0. All are global average time series except for the 300-100 hPa (tropopause) time series which is for the Tropics only. Taken from Seidel et. al., 2003.

Figure 9:   Summary of 95 percent confidence interval estimates for calculations of global troposphere temperature statistics for UAH Ver. 5.0 based on UAH analysis of the Minqin radiosonde station in China, UAH selected U.S. radiosonde stations, the NCEP reanalysis product, and HadRT2.1. TLT corresponds to the lower troposphere, TMT the middle troposphere, and TLS the lower stratosphere. From Christy et. al., 2003.

Figure 10:   Trends in global temperature for 1958-1997 for troposphere (top), tropopause (middle), and lower stratosphere (bottom), in four regions, from 5 radiosonde datasets. The confidence intervals shown are typical values of the ±2 sigma uncertainty estimates. Imagining placing the midpoint of these confidence intervals at the value of each trend, and determining if there is overlap, will give a sense of whether there are statistically significant differences within groups of trend estimates. From Seidel et. al., 2003.

Figure 11:   Trends (deg. K/decade) in global temperature for 1958–97 for three atmospheric layers (top) 100–50 hPa (top), 300–100 hPa (middle), and 850–300 hPa (bottom), in four regions, from radiosonde datasets (left side), and for 1979–97 for three layers (top) MSU4, (middle) MSU2, (bottom) MSU2LT, in four regions, from MSU/AMSU and radiosonde datasets. Confidence intervals shown are +/- one Standard Error estimates. HadRT data are for the HadRT2.1 release. From Seidel et al. (2004).

Figure 12:   Temperature trends for 1979–2001 for three vertical layers MSU4 (top), MSU2 (middle), and MSU2LT (bottom), in four regions, from MSU/AMSU and radiosonde datasets. Confidence intervals shown are +/- one Standard Error estimates. HadRT data is for the HadRT2.1 Version. From Seidel et al. (2004).

Figure 13:   The corrected MSU Channel 2 weighting function derived by Fu et al. (2004) compared with the uncorrected MSU2, MSU4, and 2LT/TLT channels (Christy et al., 2003; Mears et al., 2003). Whereas the actual Channel 2, 4, and TLT functions are everywhere positive, as required for real weighting, the Fu et al. function goes negative above 100 hPa to remove stratospheric effects from the uncorrected MSU2 channel. Global average tropopause height is shown for comparison.

Figure 14:   Trends in monthly mean troposphere temperature anomalies for MSU channel 2 without correction for stratospheric influence (top), and for the MSU-derived 850–300-hPa layer with correction (bottom). Trends are given for the globe, Northern Hemisphere (NH), Southern Hemisphere (SH) and tropics (308 N–308 S). Uncorrected UAH values are from Version 5.0 (Christy et. al., 2003) and uncorrected RSS values are from Version 1.0 (Mears et. al., 2003). Surface temperature trends for the same regions are also shown for comparison. From Fu et. al., 2004.

Figure 15:   Components of space-time errors of surface air temperature (climatological annual cycle) simulated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 2 CMIP2 model control runs. Shown are the total errors, the global and annual mean error (“bias”), the total rms (“pattern”) error, and the following components of the climatological rms error: zonal and annual mean (“clim.zm.am”); annual mean deviations from the zonal mean (“clim.zm.am.dv”), seasonal cycle of the zonal mean (“clim.zm.sc”); and seasonal cycle of deviations from the zonal mean (“clim.zm.sc.dv”). For each component, errors are normalised by the component’s observed standard deviation. The two left-most columns represent alternate observationally based data sets, ECMWF and NCAR/NCEP reanalyses, compared with the baseline observations (Jones et al., 1999). Remaining columns give model results: the ten models to the left of the second thick vertical line are flux adjusted and the six models to the right are not. From Covey et al. (2000) and the IPCC (2001).