Climate Change & Tropospheric Temperature Trends

Hurrell, J., Hack, J.J. Boville, B.A., Williamson, D., and Kiehl, J.T. 1998. The Dynamical Simulation of the NCAR Community Climate Model Version 3 (CCM3). J. Climate, 11, 1207-1236.

Kalnay, E. et. al. 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.

Kaplan, A., Y. Kushnir, M. Cane, and M. Blumenthal. 1997. Reduced space optimum analysis for historical data sets: 136 years of Atlantic sea surface temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27, 835– 27,860, 1997.

Kaplan, A., M. A. Cane, Y. Kushnir, A. C. Clement, M. B. Blumenthal, and B. Rajagopalan. Analyses of global sea surface temperature 1856– 1991. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18, 567– 18,589, 1998.

Karl, T.R. et. al. 1993: Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 37, 173-200.

Karl T.R., J.R. Christy, B. Santer, F. Wentz, D. Seidel, J. Lanzante, K. Trenberth, D. Easterling, M. Goldberg, J. Bates, C. Mears 2002: Draft White Paper: Understanding recent atmospheric temperature trends and reducing uncertainties. Prepared in support of the Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. Available online at www.climatescience.gov/Library/stratplan2003/temptrends-wp-26nov2002.pdf. Accessed Jan. 9, 2005.

Kiehl J.T., J.J. Hack, G.B. Bonan, B.A. Boville, B.A. Briegleb, D.L. Williamson, and P.J. Rasch. 1996: Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3). Boulder: National Center for Atmospheric Research.

Kiehl J.T., J.J. Hack, G.B. Bonan, B.A. Boville, B.A. Briegleb, D.L. Williamson, and P.J. Rasch. 1998: The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3. J. Climate, 11, 1131-1149.

Kinne, O. 2003. Climate Research: an article unleashed worldwide storms. Climate Research, 24, 197-198.

Kistler, R., E. Kalnay, W. Collins, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, M.l Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, M. Kanamitsu, V. Kousky, H. van den Dool, R. Jenne and M. Fiorino. (2001). The NCEP_NCAR 50-year Reanalysis: monthly means. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 82, 247-267. Dataset available online at http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds090.2/data/monthly/TMP.2m/. Accessed on Dec. 5, 2004.

Knutson, T.R., S. Manabe and D. Gu, 1997. Simulated ENSO in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere model: multidecadal amplitude modulation and CO2-sensitivity. J. Climate, 10, 138-161.

Koshelkov, Y. P., and G. R. Zakharov. 1998. On temperature trends in the Arctic lower stratosphere. Meteorol. Gidrol., 5, 45–54.

Labitzke, K., and H. van Loon. 1994. Trends of temperature and geopotential height between 100 and 10 hPa in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 72, 643–652.

Lanzante, J.R. 1996: Resistant, robust, and nonparametric techniques for the analysis of climate data: Theory and examples, including applications to historical radiosonde station data. Int. J. Climatol., 16, 1197-1226.

Lanzante, J.R., S.A. Klein, D.J. Seidel. 2003: Temporal homogenization of monthly radiosonde temperature data. Part I: Methodology. J. Climate, 16(2), 224-240.

Lanzante, J.R., S.A. Klein, D.J. Seidel. 2003: Temporal homogenization of monthly radiosonde temperature data. Part II: Trends, sensitivities and MSU comparison. J. Climate, 16(2), 241-262.

Lelieveld, J., G.J. Roelofs, L. Ganzeveld, J. Feichter, and H. Rodhe. 1997. Terrestrial sources and distribution of atmospheric sulphur. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B., 352, 149-158.

Litten, L., J.R. Christy, and R.W. Spencer. 2005. Non-thermometric effects on MSU tropospheric temperatures. 16th Conference on Climate Variability and Change. 85th AMS Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA., Jan. 2005.

Luers, J.K., and R.E. Eskridge. 1998: Use of radiosonde temperature data in climate studies. J. Climate, 11, 1002-1019.

Mann, M.E., R.S. Bradley, and M.K. Hughes. 1999. Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millenium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 759-762.

McKitrick, R. and P.J. Michaels. (2004). "A Test of Corrections for Extraneous Signals in Gridded Surface Temperature Data". Climate Research, 26 pp. 159-173.

McKitrick, R. and P.J. Michaels. (2004b). "Correction: A Test of Corrections for Extraneous Signals in Gridded Surface Temperature Data". Published Sept. 13, 2004. Available online at www.uoguelph.ca/~rmckitri/research/MM04.Correction.pdf. Accessed on Dec. 19, 2004.

McKitrick, R., and P.J. Michaels. 2004c. Are temperature trends affected by economic activity? Reply to Benestad. Climate Research, 27, 175-176.

Mears, C.A., M.C. Schabel et al. 2002: Correcting the MSU Middle Tropospheric Temperature for Diurnal Drifts. Proceedings of the International Geophysics and Remote Sensing Symposium, Volume III, pg. 1839-1841, 2002.

Mears, C.A., Schabel, M.C., Wentz, F.J. 2003: A Reanalysis of the MSU Channel 2 Tropospheric Temperature Record. J. Climate, 16 (22), 3650–3664.